Cautions or Adverse Effects of Massage Assignment

Cautions or Adverse Effects of Massage - Assignment Example3). The inspiration of the nursing profession, Florence Nightingale, had show the importance of creating an environment that supports healing and noted that in such an environment supportive to healing, complementary therapies like music perform an important role (Snyder, 2006, p. 8). completing therapies are important for holistic nursing. This is because holistic nursing considers the individuals interior, collective interior and collective exterior (Dossey, 2009, p. 4). Snyder and Lindquists (2010) list of complementary therapies acknowledge massage. Citing several sources, Snyder and Taniguki (2010, p.337) identified massage therapy as one of the most widely used complementary therapies and has been a part of the nurses armamentarium for centuries. In many a(prenominal) cases, massage is combined with other therapies, such as music, aromatherapy, acupressure, or light touch that it has become difficult to separate the set up of the beneficial specific effects of massage from those of the other therapies (Snyder and Taniguki, 2010, p. 337). However, several studies have reported that massage has beneficial effects for relaxation, improving sleep, and minimizing pain (Snyder and Taniguki, 2010, p. 337). Based on at least dickens sources, the term massage was derived from an Arabic word that means to press gently (Snyder and Taniguki, 2010, p. 337). However, the term massage was defined by American Massage Therapy Association as the application of manual techniques and adjunctive therapies with the intention of positively affecting the health and well-being of the client (Snyder and Taniguki, 2010, pp. 337-338). Snyder and Taniguki emphasized that there is a scientific evidence for the understand that massage therapy works. One ascertain indicated that massage promotes relaxation and pain reduction, and stimulates the mechanoreceptors that activate the nonpainful nerve fibers (Snyder and Tanig uki, 2010, p. 338). Thus, based on the study, Snyder and Taniguki asserted that massage prevents pain transmission from ambit the consciousness. Studies also suggested that massage can affect the psychoneuroimmunological functions of the mind and body (Snyder and Taniguki, 2010, p. 338). Although anecdotal, there are indications that massage produces positive results in persons afflicted with HIV (Snyder and Taniguki, 2010, p. 339). A study also pointed out that massage is used to decrease aggressive behavior, improve sleep, facilitate communication, improve patient mobility, increase body weights, and increase psychological well-being (Snyder and Taniguki, 2010, p. 344). In practice, nurses explain to a patient the basis why massage therapy has to be used, assess a patients history, and secure the consent of a patient (Snyder and Taniguki, 2010, p. 343). Snyder and Taniguki (2010, p. 343) stressed that it is important to find out a patients overall response to touch because some p eople are unfortunate to touch as a result of negative experience. Others are also hypersensitive to touch and this matter must be factored in by a nurse (Snyder and Taniguki, 2010, p. 343). In overcoming the situation, Snyder and Tanigu

Strategic retail plan for Spinneys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic retail plan for Spinneys - Essay ExampleThis paper will conduct a situation audit for Spinneys.The plan will lead doing an analysis of the company internal and external activities. This will mean doing a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threats) analysis. The plan will assist in developing the agency financial narration and assist in developing the core values of the business. The plan will help in developing goals and suggest ways of accomplishing those goals. Spinneys require an effective, strategic plan to continue growing and improving. The plan assists in monitoring and evaluating the company capabilities. The plan will provide crucial information required to update and modify the company in general. A situation audit for Spinneys will commence with a frame work evaluating the objectives, strategy and capabilities of the company (George, 1987). The frame work will assist the company gauge its strength, know its areas of improvement and how to relate with the external environment. Spinneys mission statement is to create value to customers, employees, share holders and all partners. This mission statement is not effective as it does not give a continued direction and focus of the supermarket chain stores (Steen & Avery, 2010). A vision statement should show consent for the company and customers. Spinneys vision statement states the desire of the company to grow in Lebanon. The statement has failed in that it does not show any hope for the customer.The value statement is equally valuable in a situation audit. It depicts the fundamental values of a company. Spinneys value statement which include - Respect, Integrity, Customer Satisfaction, Team Spirit, Performance and integrated Citizenship combines the interest of all stakeholders. The external analysis of Spinneys Company is favourable. The company stake holders have a positive impression. Spinneys Company enjoys volume sales. This has

American Interventions Since World War Ii Essay Example for Free

American Interventions Since World warfare Ii EssaySince 1940, the united States has a long history of foreign interpositions, long since leaving behind its former isolationism. Its motives have included the urge to fight fascist aggression, the desire to engage communisms circularise (and protect American economic interests), and preserving American access to plentiful Middle Eastern oil. Before December 1941, much of the American public favored isolation from world affairs, especially in the wake of World War I, to many a pointless conflict.However, others looked fightily at the spread of fascism and militarism in Europe and eastern Asia. President Franklin Roosevelt believed by 1938 that the conflict would eventually draw in the United States, and he wanted to assist the United demesne in its state of war against Germany (which it fought with virtually no help beyond American aid programs like Lend-Lease). Roosevelt, aware that many Americans were wary of another futile war, close in the conflict in moral terms, presenting Hitlers fascism and Japans militarism as evils that needed eradication by the forces of democracy.He cautiously began preparing the nation for war by expanding the armed forces and defense economy, aiding the British, and imposing embargoes on oil and metal sales to Japan, vainly hoping that Japans military-run government would desist from its aggressive expansion end-to-end eastern Asia. The Cold War began almost immediately after World War II, giving the United States no real opportunity to revert to isolationism.By mid-1945, the Soviet army had already occupied much of eastern and central Europe, claiming its right to buffer nations and using a dying Roosevelts agreement at Yalta to justify their domination of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and much of the Balkan realm. Very quickly, the Soviet Union began expanding its assisting communist rebels in various nations, and the United States saw a threat not unaccompanied t o its own dominance but to a fault to capitalist economies abroad (many tied to American economic interests).Aware that much of Europe was devastated and impoverished by the war (and thus vulnerable to Soviet influence), the Truman administration actively intervened in European affairs with aid packages like the Marshall Plan, the Truman doctrine (which led to American intervention in Greece and Turkey, where communist insurgents actively sought control and the British were unable to cope), and the creation of NATO as a military response to the Soviets.The Cold War also drove the United States to intervene further in Asia, after the communist takeover in China in 1949 and the outbreak of hostilities between North and south-central Korea in 1950 (which turned into a sort of proxy war between the United States and China). After a cease-fire halted the Korean conflict in 1953 (indeed, it has not officially ended and American troops remain there in large numbers), the United States fol lowed the policy of containment, initially outlined in 1946 by George Kennan NSC-68 document. pass judgment the existence of both the Soviet Union and China, American policy aimed to prevent communist expansion into other nations, particularly the newly-independent 3rd World nations that had been European colonies forwards 1945. This often involved behind-the-scenes support of various regimes (sometimes democratic, often authoritarian and repressive)Though Lyndon Johnson framed the Vietnam War in Cold War terms, using the eye mask theory to argue that halting communism in southeast Asia was pivotally important, the conflicts roots lay in the mid-1940s, when the Vietnamese declared liberty from France and fought an eight-year war for liberation, ending with Frances defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954.The United States, which began providing aid to France as early as 1950, increasingly viewed Vietnams fight to reunify on a lower floor Ho Chi Minh through the lens of Cold War thinking , and Johnson approached the war as a battle against communist expansion, rather than as a rebel war for national liberation and unity. In the Middle East, American interventions generally concerned both the regions rich oil supplies and the nation of Israel, whose independence the United States recognized within minutes of its declaration in 1948.American support for Israel was motivated in part by Trumans sympathy for the Jews, accustomed their horrific experiences under Nazism) complicated relations with Arab states and incurred long-lasting Arab mistrust of the United States. In addition, the United States (being the worlds largest oil consumer) was eager to protect the regions vast oil fields from the Soviets and drove the United States to support dictators such as the Shah of Iran and later Iraqs Saddam Hussein with negative consequences in both cases.When communism ended as an international threat, American leadership increasingly viewed Arab extremism as the new threat to its hegemony. The Gulf War of 1990-1991 grew from Iraqs intrusion of Kuwait, which upset the regions political status quo and jeopardized the Wests access to Kuwaiti oil. The current conflict in Iraq is a continuation of this, as well as an effort to assert American authority in a region which has long regarded the United States with suspicion and disdain.Economic and geopolitical motives were the header factors behind American interventions abroad after 1940. The United States entered World War II to fight fascist aggression and expansion, while the Cold War was a struggle against both growing communist influence and the resulting threats to global capitalism and Vietnam transformed from efforts to help a colonial power to a Cold War fight.Finally, American activity in the Middle East has been motivated by a desire to keep the region a stable and dependable semen of oil, as well as a desire to combat Muslim extremists aiming to undermine American domination.REFERENCESBoyer, Pau l S. et al. The Enduring Vision. Third edition. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Goldfield, David et al. The American Journey. Third edition. Upper Saddle River NJ Prentice Hall, 2005.

A research on lyndon johnson and the great society Essay Example for Free

A research on lyndon johnson and the great society EssayLyndon Baines Johnson, similarly known as the LBJ, had a vision of a heavy(p) monastic order for his fellow citizens that led him to become the 36th president of linked terra firmas of America. The humble beginnings of Lyndon were not to be regarded as full of luxuries and paradise travels as he felt the anguish of the poor and soci completely in ally disadvantaged community and saw the pinch of farming(prenominal) pauperism. Before he slided into presidency, earning money for the family constituted his youth that do him surged deeped into compassion for the impoverished people and pursuit for a great society. The main theme of the origins of the known LBJ was the rise from social and economic ills and finding styluss to instigate change in the mainstream society of America where he was actually isolated from. According to LBJ, When I was young, destitution was so common we did not know it had a name. Though h e was socially accustomed to think that he would know to like with poverty and isolation from refinement, Lyndon came to a realization that he was special- a young man destined for exceptional things.Eager to fulfill his destiny and inspired to crystallise poverty, Lyndon struggled to have a decent yet competitive education with the support of his humble p atomic number 18nts, Sam Ealy Johnson Jr. , a farmer and politician, and Rebekah Baines Johnson, a journa diagnose. Solving poverty mogul be the factor that fueled his political dreams, but it was his father who greatly influenced him in his political actions. His father was a man of ambition and honor as a legislator serving two terms in 1904.His father was regarded as the agrarian liberal or populist who would not allow himself to be bought by lobbyists who dominated the proceedings. Rebekah Bainess line of descent as a journalist had equipped Lyndon with a deep sense of inherited superiority. The parents were astonished i n Lyndons youth that was full of revelations and inklings about his future in the field of politics. As a gifted child and empowered by the praises and encouragement from his family, Lyndon went to local prevalent schools, graduating from high school in 11924.After his graduation, Lyndon spent trey uyears traveling around and applying for odd jobs before finally landing at the Southwest Texas State Teachers College that later(prenominal) became the Texas State University-San Marcos. It was in his college days that he gave out concern, friendship, and benevolent support. Lyndon said, Some men want power simply to strut around the populace and to hear the tune of the Hail to the Chief while others want it simply to build prestige, to collect antiques and to buy prertty things-well, I wanted power to give things to people, all sorts of things to all sorts of people, especially the poor and the blacks. Known as the embodiment of the great Texan spirit of self-denial, conservation, and service, Lydon became a popular figure at the university not in terms of academic performance. This event led to a career milestone for Lyndon. Lyndons career before the presidency was in education. He started as a instructor at the Welha wasting diseasen Elementary crop where he showed the children a sense of importance most of them had never known before. He moved to the Sam Houston High School before landing up a job in the congress as a secretary to a US congressman from the Fourteenth district in Texas in 1931.In this, Lyndon became more empowered to pursue his ambition. He became the Director of subject area Youth Administration that greatly addressed the concern of Roosevelts bracing Deal to save a generation of young people from ignorance, unemployment, and enduring hardship. Undaunted by the economic depression, he was elected to fireside of Representatives and campaigned successfull on a New Deal platform with the divine service of his wife Claudia Taylor. He joined the Navy for a brief period as lieutenant air force officer and won a Silver Star in the South Pacific.After serving six terms in the House, he was elected to the senate in 1948. In the 1960, Lyndon became John F. Kennedys running mate and sworn in as Vice President. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, Lyndon sworn in as the President of the United States. A. contrary and Domestic Policies Several politicians and critics of the LBJ presidency were at one in stating that the administration, together with its strange and interior(prenominal) policies, had its peaks and valleys.During the first year of the LBJ administration, the president saw many impressions bestowed upon him as he entirely devoted much effort and succession on vital domestic matters, both the tax cut and the civil rights law. Impressions at this time said that the president might not be interested in external policies because of LBJs adept focus on the real needs of Americans. LBJ was like a domestic politician who could not care less about external affairs. He said, Foreigners are not like the folks Im used to. After establishing a new civil rights plug-in and tax cuts, LBJ urged the commonwealth to unite as one in creating a Great parliamentary procedure, a place where men are more concerned with the quality of their goals and than the quantity of their goods. The domestic policies of LBJ were concentrated on issues such as civil rights, social welfare, anti-poverty platforms, and labor. The LBJ administration made a great deal about education, Medicare, urban renewal, conservation of the environment, health, voting rights, prevention of crime and delinquency and an amendment to the Social Security Act.The LBJ presidency also made explorations of space with three astronauts successfully orbiting the moon in December 1968. The administration also sought to fight the inevit equal to(p) crisis from Vietnam that forced the president to impose budget cuts on domesti c policies so that he would be able to push through with the extraneous and defense policies. The LBJ policies pointing to Asia, Europe, Middle East, and Latin America were bound up with the war in Vietnam. Despite his efforts to stop the communistic war and reach an agreement, the war continued.Heated debate arose with the presidents decision to limit the bombing in North Vietnam in rig to instigate negotiations. There are critics who said that the great foreign constitution failure of the administration was its treatment to Vietnam. Following his firm stance on Communist Aggression, LBJ was convinced to gove Vietnam limited help. He said that he would not permit the indie nations of the East to be swallowed up by the Communist conquest, but it would not mean sending American boys 9 or 10,000 miles a look from home to do what Asian boys ought to be doing for themselves. To show firmness and decisiveness, LBJ ordered only justificatory attacks to the aggressive North Vietnam a nd launched Rolling Th down the stairs, a sustained bombing campaign to Vietnam. According to LBJ, the account to peace devising was to arrange a settlement that both preserve South Vietnam as an independent state for the foreseeable future and the quickest possible American exit from a war the country by 1968 no longer wished to fight. Such assumption suggested that LBJ was torn between an honorable exit and his desire to not to be the first president to lose a foreign war. B. The Decision Not to Run for Re-ElectionWhen LBJ commanded to limit the bombing of Vietnam, he paired such action with a decision to withdraw from the re- choice so that he might find some time for the quest for peace with no interruptions coming from politics. LBJ came to realization that he would not allow the presidency to be involved in any partisan movements which had infiltrated the United States since the advent of the Vietnam war. His policy of military escalation and the US participation in the wa r had overshadowed his popular standing and he was not able to establish real concessions for the peacemaking process.After his decision, the Vietnam aggression dragged on. By withdrawing from the re-election, the administration found it difficult to act decisively, LBJs decision not to run in the reelection was the outcome of his taste perception in which he had to go through with his failing political instincts. Prior to his announcement, LBJ had to endure the criticisms which came with the rapid affair of the US in the Vietnam war, racial tension in the American soil leading to widespread civil riots in the 1960s and the flaws of the Great Society movements.The flawed policies and programs of the LBJ administration led to Republican gains in the 1966 election and dwindled the hopes of Lyndon to further his participation in the Congress. It was in this turbulent period that antiwar candidate Senator Eugene McCarthy gained momentum to head the dump Johnson movement within the Dem ocratic Party. The failure of his actions made it impossible for LBJ to leave the White House without attracting hostile protesters. 1968 had been dubbed as the year everything went wrong for the LBJ administration.II. Political Climate A. The Dominance of the Democratic Party LBJ made his congressional district in Texas as his foundation in his pursuit for a depicted object role in the Democratic Party. He was frustrated with the bureaucratic inertia and lack of innovation in fundraising by the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and Democratic field of study Committee (DNC). It was in this frustration that he veritable a finite and negative impression of the national party committees that greatly influenced his leadership to the political party.His support to the Democratic Party saw him finding ways on how to finance hundreds of congressional particularly those who have a good of winning and satisfying their requests. As a congressional campaign manager for t he House, his sprightly fundraising strategies to support the candidates earned him the respect and support coming from FDR and the other congressmen whom he helped to win. When FDR asked LBJ the result of the campaign, LBJ replied that the Democratic Party would not lose. He says to FDR that Were not issue to lose, were going to gain. Now that the House was run by literate Democrats, what FDR had started, including the Social Security (FICA) Program would soon see radical change. During his presidency, LBJ took the Social Security Program from independent trust fund and transferred it to the General fund in order for the Congress to spend it on valuable measures such as in the enactment and foreign and defense policies pointing to the unending war in Vietnam. LBJs military escalation policy to Vietnam failed and his domestic policies on civil war and racial tension became undone which had shattered the Democratically-controlled House and Senate.These dark moments became the fines t hour of Republicans. B. The Johnson word Lyndon was renowned for his arm twisting of influential politicians in order to pursure legislation. He became famous for his authoritative glance and powers of persuasion, dispensing them with what became popular as the Johnson Treatment. Such coinage was used to describe the domineering personality of LBJ who tend to impose physical size and initimidation in order to advance what he had to say. Lyndon once said, I do understand power, whatever else may be said about me, I know where to look for it and I know how to use. iodin of the key elements in Lyndons leadership and power was his use of the Johnson Treatment that was an eclecic mix of flattery, gentle pleading, logic, and threats. He was able to strategically utilize the Johnson Treatment in the way he gained full control of the Democratic Policy Committee, managed relations within the senate, maintained connections with the Republicans and the Liberals who supported civil rights for the African Americans, solidified control under his leadership, and realized a putsch when he was still a majority leader convincing the Senate to increase public spending on housing sector.It was in this coup that the he became a master politician or the master of the Senate because of his display of single-mindedness, skill and attention to details. But LBJs art of persuading and use of intimidation was no apprehension against the changeary nationalists such as Gamal Abdel Nasser who said, the West if the enemy, while the Soviets are kindred spirits and purveyors of weapons unobtainable elsewhere. The Johnson Treatment failed to instill a positive effect on Nasser who continually resisted American policies and denounced American imperialism in Congo. LBJ deeply shocked with the unveiling of the Blueprint for the Liberation of Palestine accompanied by Nasser statement that the only way to liberation was Arab revolutionary action. The failure of the Johnson Treatment was equ ally defined by LBJs unsuccessful leadership to pull the United States out of the quagmire of the Vietnam war. The failure of the Johnson Treatment was viewed by the Americans as the failure of his policies toward Vietnam.The solution to the Vietnam unrest was one of the goals of the three presidents before LBJ and just like them, the LBJ sought to determine how to prevent the North Vietnamese Communists from acquiring South Vietnam that the US supported. C. The Civil Rights Movement Reformation of the civil rights proved to be the greatest challenge to LBJs majority leadership and to his presidency later on. In the mind of LBJ, the civil rights issue was a fundamental prerequisite to strengthening the American voice abroad. LBJ sought to mount a social revolution in civil rights and the credit of the welfare state. His policies on alleviating poverty and upholding rights were aiming at demonstrating that he was a president who could rise above politics to serve the national inter est. The reform in the civil rights in the US started from a small-scale demonstrations before key players, movements, leaders and organizations finally constructed a vivid change. LBJ was one of the key leaders in bringing change.The turbulent period of the 1940s and the early 1950s was attributable to the vacuous southerners who controlled Congress and engineered the defeat of six civil rights bills. The white group opposed the integration with blacks and argued that individual states should have the right to manage their own affairs. They used states rights in order to promote segregation, a system of laws that essential African Americans to be separated from the whites. As such caused a significant backlash that came in the forms of protests and racial violence in the middle of the 1950s as African Americans continued to push harder for equal rights. The period was made more turbulent with the enactment of the Jim Crow laws that reinforced segregation. The Jim Crow laws ban ned African American students from going to educational institutions with white students and also prevented blacks from going to swimming pools, hotels and other plaques where there were whites.Jim Crow laws prohibited African Americans from voting and denied them many opportunities which were only provided for the whites. consequently came Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. , who led the civil rights protests until his death by assassination in 1968. Harder violence was pushed through with the struck down of segregation in schools. As a southerner who had accustomed himself to the separation of blacks and whites thoroughout his career, LBJ seemed to be an unreliable advocate of civil rights statute. He supported civil rights but he was aware that the button for a strong bill would anger many Democrats in the South. As a compromise, LBJ worked out a deal with southerners to pass a weakened bill and convinced liberal western membbers to pass it in exchange for support for a dam they wanted built. The bill became the first civil rights legislation enacted by the Congress in 82 years and LBJ took all the credit for it. The Civil Rights Act was proposed by the President John F. Kennedy in 1963 and quickly became a controversial issue.The Civil Rights Act would guarantee African Americans with freedom to vote, to go to places of public accommodation, and with equal opportunity in employment. Although the Congress did not approve of Kennedys initiative, a stronger indication of the bill was eventually approved with the constant urging of Kennedys successor, LBJ. On July 2, 1964, LBJ signed the bill into law and soon became the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that gave the federal law enforcement agencies the billet to stop and prevent racial violence and discrimination in voting, employment and in the utilization of public facilities.III. The Great Society A. Civil Rights The Great Society domestic programs of LBJ were aiming at two creating social reforms for the elim ination of poverty and racial discrimination. One of legacies of the Great Society programs was translating some of the needs and selects of the civil rights movement into law. During the LBJ presidency, iv civil rights acts had secured their passage in Congress. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 stopped job discrimination and the segregation in the use of public facilities.The voter turnout Rights Act of 1965 eliminates the use of literacy requirements and other methods to keep African Americans from voting. In LBJs pursuit for the Great Society, he also gave the nation urban renewal programs, housing subsidies, tax cuts, Traffic path Safety Act, National Commission on Product Safety, and environment beautification programs. B. War on Poverty LBJ was determined to promote economic growth and commit the nation to a war on poverty. The war on poverty was deemed as the most ambitious and controversial part of the Great Society. fountainheaded by Sargent Shriver, the war on poverty pr omised to remedy Americans standard of living. LBJ said to Shriver, You demonstrate this thing work. Appoint all the committees you want to, confer with everybody. LBJ continued, This is number one on the domestic front. close to peace in the world, this is the most important. The unconditional war on poverty implemented by LBJ was confronted with resistance from the 88th Congress that later on granted $947. 5 million in 1964 for the antipoverty program. The centerpiece of the antipoverty program was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 that LBJ signed on August 22, 1964 and established the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO). The anti-poverty program included the Job Corps and Neighborhood Corps, food stamp program, rent subsidies for moderate and low-income families, a youth employment initiative, and other antipoverty efforts. The initiative lessened the poverty rate in the US from 22. 4 percent in the late 1950s to 11. 1 percent in 1973. C. Medicare/Medicaid Medicare was included in the package that was the extension of the War on Poverty.Representative Hale Boggs said that during LBJ presidency, the Congress passed more bills than had ever been passed in all the rest of history of the country together. Included in the passed bills was a Medicare bill that aim to provide health care for the nations elderly and health benefits for the poor The Great Society effort federally financed the training for doctors and nurses, establishment of mental heath centers and health facilities focusing on heart problems, cancer and stroke. The Social Security Act of 1965 was passed by Congress to render federal backing for the medical costs of the elderly.This legislation was opposed by the American Medical Association but overcame such opposition to the idea of socialized medicine or public health care and connecting payments with the private health insurance companies. Welfare recipients regardless of age obtained health benefits by the Medicaid program establis hed on July 30, 1965 under Title XIX of the Social Security Act. D. Education LBJ said that he no longer can afford second-class education for children who know that they have the right to be first-class citizens. In fulfilling this aim, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was signed into law on April 1965. The legislation federally funded public schools to help them obtain educational materials and start special education programs to institutions with large number of low-income children. It pursued Head Start, a program initially worked on by the OEO. The Head Start program provided comprehensive aid to the field of education, healthcare, and parent involvement initiatives to low-income children and families.Other programs of LBJ included school breakfast programs, Teacher Corps Act of 1965, swelled Education Act of 1968, and the Educational Opportunity Act of 1968. E. Arts One of the significant contributions of the Great Society effort was the promotion of the ar ts and humanities. LBJ said, The happy human relationship between the arts and politics which has characterized our long history I think reached culmination tonight. LBJ was successful in formalizing federal aid for public radio and telly stations, arts institution and higher education.LBJ signed the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities into law that later on established both the National Endowment for the Arts and National Endowment for the Humanities as separate agencies. He also gave attention on the need for the noncommercial education video in society that paved the way for the enactment of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967. The law led to the creation of the Public Broadcasting Service and the National Public Radio. National centers and arts facilities also received federal musical accompaniment during the presidency of LBJ. IV. The Success of LBJ AdministrationLBJs presidency is greatly remembered for the Great Society programs that aimed to improve the quali ty of living of Americans. The domestic policies enacted by the Congress during the time of LBJ played significant roles in the lives of Americans who were caught up with the loss of Kennedy, violence and economic ills. LBJ gave light to his people by shining them better and healthy living. One of main goals of the Great Society was to eliminate poverty. LBJ showed determination in reaching the promised land of Great Society by urging Americans to rebuild their cities, eliminate urban decay, and attain a renewed sense of community.In order to help his people, LBJ established a list of laws which promoted racial equality, qquaality education, healthcare, and lowered poverty rate. Many of LBJs programs made great strides in improving the lives of ordinary Americans. Some of the laws created impact on the political direction of the nation. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave voice to African Americans while the Civil Rights Act of 1964 freed African Americans from violence, racial pre judice and social inequality. The result of the war on poverty was promising enough as the poverty rate of the nation dwindled from 22. 4 percent in the late 1950s to 11.1 percent in 1973. Antipoverty programs of LBJ created millions of jobs, increase in salary and wages and in business profits, and decrease in unemployment rate. Promising results were also seen in the field of education and healthcare as federal funding continued to help citizens exploit what the administration had to offer. Medicare and Medicaid were made to render medical insurance for the elderly and to the poor people. Funding for heathcare benefits continued while the availability of Medicare and Medicaid widened. patronise for the arts and culture was also evident. V. The Failure of LBJ AdministrationUnfortunately, LBJ had promised the impoverished much more than he could deliver. There were many citizens whocame to realize that the administration had just an as well optimistic prediction that did not come true. Resulting from disappointment were black power and violence in the streets which showed the anguish of the nation. African Americans started to lose faith in LBJ and began to demand immediate change. The backlash of LBJs antisegregation efforts began to incite arguments within the southerners while the American people urged the government not to gift black rioters with federal programs.The anger over the desegragation policy of LBJ weakened the Democratic Party and LBJs base of power. LBJs foreign policy dilemmas stirred antiwar protests along with civil unrest. Demonstrations concerning the involvement of the United States in Vietnam began to undercut LBJs presidency. The people complained that the involvement of the nation in the Vietnam war took money and attention away from the needed domestic programs. The people accused Lbj of turning the Vietnam war into national obsession making his War on Poverty nothing more like a skirmish.The presidency of LBJ was equally define d by his Great Society programs and the nations entanglement in the Vietnam war. Problems in the foreign policies of Lbj started from the cold war between the US and the Soviet Union. The conflict was that the Soviet Union and Korea were supporting the commkunist forces in northern Vietnam while the United States was in support of the South Vietnam government. Despite complaints, LBJ pushed through with the Vietnam War fearing that losing South Vietnam would wreak havoc on his political career. VI. ConclusionThe administration of LBJ was defined by the successes and failures of foreign and domestic policies. During his stay at the White House, he pursued Kennedys civil rights bill and tax cuts. He promised to promote better living for the Americans though his Great Society programs. But as he was doing well in putting America in the promised land of a Great Society, Vietnma War was intensifying. later on on, antiwar protests and civil violence gained momentum as American casualties increased in Vietnam. It was evident that LBJ could care less about hearing his people and his presidency was all about between him, his instincts, and his advisers.The failure of his foreign policy in the Vietnam war became the measurement of his entire political career. The dilemma was that LBJ considered the Vietnam War as an inherited manikin instead of treating it as his job as an influential leader. It could be observed that LBJ was an indecisive leader with no firm stance on foreign policies. To make matter worst, the indecisive president was surrounded with political advisers who were not united and binded with the same aim. It was in the topic of Vietnam War that he was not able to fully utilize his Johnson Treatment to the advantage of American people.Even though the issue in Vietnam War dominated the entire career of LBJ, it was good to know that his Great Society programs were successful. Such programs were only overshadowed by the riots and violence and the publics de mand for more than what LBJ could give. The Vietnam War was just one of the flaws of the Great Society programs since the domestic policies were connected with the foreign ones. The Great Society programs produced favorable results while their negative impact to the world came from the opposition that was not supportive of LBJs presidency.BIBLIOGRAPHY Brands, H. W. The Foreign Policies of Lyndon Johnson Beyond Vietnam. Texas AM University Press, 1999. Dallek, Robert. Lyndon B. Johnson Portrait of a President. New York Oxford University Press, 2004. Gold, Susan Dudley. Presidents and Their Times Lyndon B. Johnson. New York Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2009. Savage, Sean J. JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party. New York State University of New York, 2004. Schwartz, Thomas Alan. Lyndon Johnson and Europe In the Shadow of Vietnam. Massachusetts Harvard University Press, 2003.

Imperialism in the late 19th century Essay Example for Free

Imperialism in the late nineteenth century EssayIn the late 19th century Americans fully embraced the concept of American exceptionalism, believing the United States had a destiny unique among nations to foster democracy and civilization. With this ideology, Social Darwinism, Anglo-Saxon, naval expansion, and the need for food market promoted the rise to imperialism in the United States.When the Americans moved west and defeated the Native Americans they felt matchless because of all the technological and social developments they had all over the Native Americans. Americans were fitted to trade and exchange guns, agriculture, and animals with Europe and Asia. The Americans thought God was making room for them but Social Darwinism is what vindicated the Whites ruling over weaker races. The wealthy used a scientific theory as a comparison to validate their greedy behavior and avoid paying taxes. There were 14 hour days for employees, no annuities, healthcare, or education. They believed the poor should work their way out of poverty. Darwinists assumed some races were inherently determined and that nature should be allowed to eliminate the unfortunate. Their way of thinking is what initiated the Holocaust. They believed that the assassinations of the Jews in World War ll meant they were cleaning out mediocre heredities. Darwinism, not to be addressed so much to Charles Darwin, but Herbert Spencer, came up with the expression survival of the fittest. Darwinism was a feuded rivalry between social groups creating a dog-eat-dog world. The Anglo-Saxon race felt different and that they were the superior and higher ones that were predestined to rule the world.Josiah Strong, a Congregationalist minister, believed The sum of money of Christianity is Love. In order to even consider yourself an Anglo-Saxon, you had to love civil liberty. You had to be a strong spiritual Christian and have a brain for colonizing. You excessively had to possess a great liveliness to ward your own kind. Strong insisted that the Anglo-Saxons spread Christianity and share their material godsends throughout the world. The group was predestined by God. Strong believed that in order to spread out, there needed to be form of connection between the United States and the Philippines. The United States would bring the gospel of Jesus to the unfortunate races. To cumulate supremacy in the Pacific, they needed to build acanal across Central America. The Anglo-Saxons needed to obtain power over the Pacific to complete the whole caboodle of God and the United States needed the islands because Russias effect on Korea was growing rapidly. In 1901, expansion became a certainty. Mahan believed the United States economy would be incapable of receiving the bulky amounts of industrial and commercialised goods being manufactured locally. He then guaranteed the United States an assured access to international markets.Securing access would cause for a stronger naval forces, a na vy blue that could carry out American commodities across the great highway and high seas. They needed a battleship navy to extinguish opposing navies and a governing body of naval bases proficient enough to provide fuel and supplies for the expanded navy. Mahan suggested the idea that the countries with the largest navy would attain the world. He was very adamant about the importance of the navy and trying to overcome the world. This was believed to be even truer once Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines were acquired. William Seward then strived to endorse an agreement with the Colombian Government to allow the United States to build a waterway through the Panama territory. After the Spanish-American War, the United States attained power over territories that could function as coaling stations and naval bases. The foreign market for American otiose products caused economic expansion to those nations.America was manufacturing way more than they could use. The markets of oil, steel, and agriculture were in major favor of the American expansion. Most demands for expansion were met by large commercial farmers. Vast amounts of raw materials were needed to properly preserve a strong industrial economy. Machinery became a large industry and all kinds of machines were established. Businesses were able to maneuver over wide areas creating chain stores everywhere. The invention of the steamship cut the travel time for shipping goods. The faster shipments arrived, the faster they could take advantage of supplies and sell manufactured goods. petroleum was discovered in western Pennsylvania and used as lubricants and kerosene for lamps. Steel mills flourished in bulges where coal and iron elements could be brought together to give rise steel. The American labor movement began to create unions. The unions began negotiating with possessors for higher earnings andbetter working environments. The wide-ranging knowledge of industrial development and scientific development he lped modify perception for the creation of new businesses and technologies.Advanced technology strengthened the power and control of industrialized countries. The convenience of prosperity, progression by the unrestricted market of governable canals, and coastal waterways, the large quantity of natural resources aided cheap withdrawal of goods. This strengthened the power and influence of industrial countries and allowed them higher advantage in war and economic growth. Contribution in the war overwhelmingly reformed the economy, governments, and society of the nation. This created a lucrative report creating work places for large immigrations. The United States had taken its place as the leading world supremacy.Works CitedHenretta, A. James,https//spider.georgetown.college.edu/htalent/border/bs1/berge.htm

Supporting Child Language Development

Supporting Child Language DevelopmentHay Fielding-Barnsley (2012) believed that there are firm reciprocal connections between childrens language nurture, logical reasoning and their achievements at school. In order to best promote these relationships, childrens language and speech should be motived, acknowledged and respected in a social positive learning purlieu.Childrens academic achievement in literacy, which is multi-dimensional and interactive, depends on two periods of learning (Hay Fielding-Barnsley, 2012). Cunningham Stanovich (1997) stated that a first process is the cognitive retrospection development children quickly identify the orthographic features of the word then connect this to semantic meaning of the word (Hay Fielding-Barnsley, 2012). Second, they get the meaning of the text by motive and interacting to become independent readers (Bishop Leonard, 2000) as cited in Hay Fielding-Barnsley (2012).A key factor to a successful rate of childrens mastery language and literacy is the quality of environment surrounding in the home and out of home settings (Hay Fielding-Barnsley, 2012). Fellows Oakley (2014, p. 71) highlights that from the moment of birth, parents and family members influence childrens speech, language acquisition and learning through daily communicative exchanges. Evidences also direct that the higher socioeconomic status children are from, the better childrens language and literacy skills will be improved. For example children of low-income and low-educated parents lack three times opportunities to communicate and interact with their parents (Hay Fielding-Barnsley, 2012). In an outside aspect, childcare setting plays significant role on nurturing secure relationship and fostering rich language experience (Fellows Oakley, 2014). For example appropriate programs at school and designed interventions such as closing expressive and receptive language gap activities can help children become more fluent in their language and literacy (Hay Fielding-Barnsley, 2012).Winne and Nesbit (2009) and Vygotsky (1978), researchers of social learning theory, state that Language and literacy development has seen as an essential part of childrens cognitive development framework (Hay Fielding-Barnsley, 2012). In addition, Blank (2002) believes that interactive and self-enhancing skills are important to young childrens early language and ability to work reasoning from the social learning circumstance. When children understand the words expressed, they are able to use them in complex settings and their ability is enhanced to reason.As educators, we support childrens language and reasoning development by providing opportunities for them to make their own dialogue, questioning and talking (Blank, 2002). any(prenominal) childs response should be always seen as a learning opportunity to enhance his or her confidence in conservation with others, criticizing or closing rack up the conversation for wrong responses of a chi ld is not highly recommended (Hay Fielding-Barnsley, 2012). On the other hand, if childrens responses are not valued and accepted, they remain silent to talk and lack language and literacy development (Hay Fielding-Barnsley, 2012).The article shows evidence of the necessary and appropriate preparation for childrens language and cognitive development in early school years. Priority is habituated for educators and others to understand the strong relationship between childrens language development, cognitive thinking and their school achievement as well as supporting valuating childrens language development in a positive environment.ReferencesBlank, M, (2002), Classroom discourse A key to literacy. In K, Butler E, Silliman (Eds), Speaking, reading and writing in children with learning disabilities New paradigms in research and practice (pp. 151-173), Malwah, NJ ErlbaumHay, I. Fielding-Barnsley, R. (2012). Social learning, language and literacy. Australasian Journal of Early Childh ood, 37(1), 24 29.Fellows, J., Oakley, G. (2014) Language, Literacy and early childhood education (2nd ed.). Melbourne Oxford University Press.

Research types and research strategies

Research types and look for strategiesResearchResearch is often described as an active, diligent, and systematic process of inquiry goaled at discovering, interpreting and revising facts. This sharp investigation produces a greater knowledge of events, behaviors, theories, and laws and makes practical applications possible. The term enquiry is also utilise to describe an entire collection of in fashionation about a particular subject, and is usually associated with the output of science and the scientific method.Research Types And Research StrategiesIts necessary to choose the right type of interrogation strategy that suits the research aim and objectives. Its considered to be very essential while doing a research. According to Saunders et al (2000) various research strategies be Survey, experimental, case engage, ethnography, grounded theory, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies , action research and exploratory, descriptive and the explanatory studies. According to Col lis and Hussey (2003) the research types are descriptive, exploratory, analytical and predictive research, applied and the basic research, quantitative and qualitative research and deductive research and inducive research. Before selecting the exact research strategy its important to have complete review about the above research strategies.Experiment is a category of authorised type of research that which owes in congenital sciences. According to Saunders et al. (2000) this research is suitable for research related to social science particularly to psychology. Survey is a form of deductive approach and this is a common strategy in business and management type of research. Survey is based on questionnaires with sizable race. Sizable universe of discourse drive out be of any number from low numbers to large population in the city. It can be compared easily and is perceived authoritatively of plenty in general. The reason because why the sentiment based research is advised beca use it is understandable. It gives a good control the research process when conducting the survey based research. The entropy when collected by this strategy is not wide ranging as the other strategies. But however it is not the only strategy present for in changeion collection. The prize disadvantage in using the questionnaire process is that it is not good for exploratory or other types of research which required large amount of open end questions. But can be used in explanatory and descriptive types of research.Qualitative And Quantitative MethodsThe police detective adopts both qualitative and quantitative methods for data acquisition. Questionnaire technique is adopted for the quantitative method and semi structured interview for qualitative method. The Quantitative research methods were originally developed in the natural sciences to study natural phenomena. Examples of quantitative methods now well accepted in the social sciences entangle survey methods, laboratory expe riments, formal methods and numerical methods such as mathematical modeling. This is in the beginning based on the measurements with the level of employee attitudes based on the topic. The qualitative research technique is widely used in the business management.The strengths of quantitative method are helps to state the research problem in very specific and it helps to achieve high level of reliability of gathered data due to controlled surveys and other form of research manipulations. The questionnaire is prepared by the author and distributed to the respondents to collect the data for the research. It involves the use of survey in gathering information about the groups view regarding the effectiveness of the firm. all in all Staffs from top management down to the junior staff participate in the survey feedback. Once the data are collected from the respondents it is organized by the detective to used it in the research. The kind of information needed for the research is evaluate d with necessary conversations with the respondents of an organization. For this research the primary research methods are used to collect data from discipline sustenance Products Company (NFPC). From contrary Quantitative methodologies, questionnaire method will be used for this research for collecting the primary data from NFPC. The questionnaire is designed based on the research objectives and it will be distributed to the staffs of NFPC for collecting the primary data of this research.Research DesignA research design is the logical and systematic planning and directional a place of research. A research design is considered as the framework or plan for the study that guides as well as helps the data collection and compendium of the data.SamplingThe first work of sampling is identifying and defining precisely the population to be sampled. The sample is any part of the population regardless of whether is exemplification or not. The most difficult task in selecting a sample is to define the population by appropriate technique, which makes sure that the sample is the representative of the population and the outcome of the data is not biased in any way. Since, it is usually impossible to select the actual sample size a generalization is used but the tec has to make sure that the representative sample is generalization of the whole sample.Even before the researcher has started his analysis, he should not have a biased outcome in his mind because this might alter the outcome of the whole sample. In order to draw representative samples from which valid generalization can be made to the population, a number technique can be used. The most frequently used sampling technique by the student researcher is the random sample. Here, after identifying the population, a representative sample can be drawn. Here, each member of the population of the equal chance of being selected and selection of peerless object is independent of the selection of any other. The research sampling also involves another type sampling method of cluster sampling. Here, the sample size would include a group as a unit. The group has similarities to the representative of the whole sample. However in the cluster, sampling method is not much helpful to the researcher if it is wide spread across a huge geographical area. Both random sampling and cluster sampling in this research, would sample representative of completely different people of the society thus, both methods are essential for the research.Data Collection And AnalysisThe main modes of data collection are primary and unoriginal methods.Primary DataThe primary data are those data which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happens to be original in character. thither are several methods of collecting primary data.Observation MethodInterview MethodThrough questionnairesThrough schedules etc.Secondary DataSecondary data means data that are already available ie they refer to the data which have alread y been collected and analyzed by someone else. When the research needs secondary data, then he has to look into various sources from where he can obtain them.Secondary data may be either create or unpublished data or records.Company brochures and other books offering relevant information for the studyCompany web sites.Questionnaire MethodQuestionnaires will be designed and distributed to the large number of potential respondents for collecting the primary data. It will be used for collecting large number of reviews to allow statistical analysis of the results. The extraction of information from the respondents depends on the well designed questionnaire. Questionnaire is prominent method of collecting primary data. Questionnaire will contain multiple choice and open finish questions is described by Graziano and Raulin (2006). For this research multiple choice questions will be used to collect more response from respondents the success of data collection is thus dependent on design of questionnaire and the careful selection of questions.Questionnaire is one of the most reliable forms of collecting primary data. A questionnaire is an excellent information provider. No research is complete without a well designed questionnaire. If the questionnaire is not properly structured it could lead to inconclusive information hence logical thinking, correct language and transparently of the questionnaire is essential. The Questionnaire Transcript will be attached in Appendix-I for reference.Sample SizeThe size of the sample chosen for survey is 60 respondents. The researcher distributed questionnaire to the employees of Grade 5 above, to know about their view on the performance assessment conducted in the company.Universe Of acquireNational Food Products Company, Abu Dhabi, UAE.Topic Of StudyThe topic of study is entitled as Effectiveness of death penalty Appraisal System in National Food Product Company (NFPC), Abu Dhabi, UAE.Scope Of StudyThe number of Samples elemen ts for Questionnaire survey is 60, these are respect to the area of the research within NFPC, UAE. The company mainly has divided their employees in different grades.Grade 1- 4 Cleaners, Kitchen Helper, Sales Helper, Production Helper, garage Helper, Operators (machine), Tea boys, Drivers.Grade 5 and above Foreman, HR assistant, Secretaries, Coordinators Supervisors and Senior Accountants, Assistant Managers and above.In this report, Grade 5 and above employees are taken into consideration. The respondents were, Manager of different departments of NFPC namely MILCO, LACNOR, PLASTIC and also their supervisors and foremans. Respondents from departments namely Human Resource, Accounts, Public Relations and Purchasing were also taken. The Questionnaire will be distributed directly to the employees of the company in the printed format giving prior introduction about the research in brief.SummaryAs explained in this chapter the quantitative questionnaire methods will be used in this res earch for collecting the primary data. In the next chapter primary data which is collected from NFPC, UAE using the selected research methodologies will be discussed by the researcher with related charts.Objectives Of The StudyTo study about the present Performance Appraisal system in National Food Product Company, UAE.To study about the effectiveness of Performance appraisal system adopted in NFPC, UAE.To identify the appropriate frequency considered by present performance appraisal adopted by NFPC, UAE.To find out the preferences regarding methods of Performance appraisal system adopted in NFPC, UAE in future.To draw inferences based on the study.LimitationsThe study is confined itself to only one organization namely, National Food Products Company, (NFPC), UAE, as such the findings of the study cannot be generalized to other undertakings because it may not be reliable as the work environment may spay from one place to another.Time constraints of some respondents forced them to g ive casual response without evaluating the questions seriously because of their busy schedule of given task accomplishment in the organization.The number of respondents was limited to 60 respondents because of the busy schedule of the staff and did not respond to the questionnaire.Due to companys policies, certain information was not shared.The response given by the respondents may be biased.